Yeast Culture: Multi domain Innovation Driven by Microbial Technology

Yeast Culture: Multi domain Innovation Driven by Microbial Technology酵母培养：微生物技术驱动的多领域创新

      Yeast Culture (YC), as a core product in the field of microbial fermentation, has expanded its functions from the traditional food industry to strategic areas such as biomedicine, environmental governance, and new energy. This complex system composed of yeast metabolites, cell contents, cell walls, and residual culture medium is reshaping the pattern of the biomanufacturing industry through the synergistic effects of multiple components and breakthroughs in synthetic biology technology. According to QYResearch data, the global yeast culture market is expected to reach $2.771 billion by 2025, with a compound annual growth rate of 12.3%. The feed industry accounts for 45%, the food industry accounts for 32%, and biopharmaceuticals and environmental governance have become new growth poles.酵母培养物（YC）作为微生物发酵领域的核心产品，其功能已从传统的食品行业扩展到生物医药、环境治理、新能源等战略领域。这个由酵母代谢物、细胞内容物、细胞壁和残留培养基组成的复杂系统，通过多种成分的协同效应和合成生物学技术的突破，正在重塑生物制造产业的格局。根据QYResearch的数据，到2025年，全球酵母培养物市场预计将达到27.71亿美元，复合年增长率为12.3%。饲料行业占比45%，食品行业占比32%，生物制药和环境治理成为新的增长极。

1、 Mechanism of action: Biological effects of multi-component synergy1、作用机制：多组分协同作用的生物效应

      The function of yeast culture stems from its complex composition structure and metabolic activity. Organic acids such as lactate and acetic acid in extracellular metabolites can regulate the pH value of animal intestines, while peptides and oligosaccharides enhance immune response by activating the TLR signaling pathway. The concentration of glutathione in cellular contents can reach 3-5mg/g dry matter, which can scavenge free radicals and maintain intestinal redox balance. The β - glucan in yeast cell wall activates the NF - κ B signaling pathway by binding to the Dectin-1 receptor on the surface of macrophages, resulting in a 40% decrease in the expression of inflammatory cytokine IL-6.酵母培养物的功能源于其复杂的组成结构和代谢活性。胞外代谢物中的乳酸、乙酸等有机酸可以调节动物肠道的pH值，多肽和寡糖通过激活TLR信号通路增强免疫应答。细胞内容物中谷胱甘肽浓度可达3-5mg/g干物质，具有清除自由基、维持肠道氧化还原平衡的作用。酵母细胞壁的β -葡聚糖通过与巨噬细胞表面的Dectin-1受体结合激活NF - κ B信号通路，导致炎症细胞因子IL-6的表达降低40%。

      In industrial applications, these components play a crucial role. Research has shown that yeast cultures can increase the content of β - glucan to 25% by selectively regulating the yeast autolysis process. When adsorbing aflatoxin B1, each gram of product can bind 8.6 μ g of toxin, far exceeding the traditional montmorillonite's 3.2 μ g/g. This adsorption mechanism is based on the three-dimensional network structure of β - glucan and hydrogen bonding with toxin molecules, with a binding constant Kd of 1.2 × 10 ⁻⁶ M, demonstrating molecular recognition specificity.在工业应用中，这些组件起着至关重要的作用。研究表明，酵母培养物通过选择性调节酵母自溶过程，可将β -葡聚糖含量提高到25%。在吸附黄曲霉毒素B1时，每克产品的吸附量为8.6 μ g，远远超过传统蒙脱土的3.2 μ g/g。这种吸附机制是基于β -葡聚糖的三维网络结构和与毒素分子的氢键，其结合常数Kd为1.2 × 10⁻26 M，具有分子识别的特异性。

2、 Application scenario: Global penetration from agriculture to the environment2、应用场景：从农业到环境的全球渗透

（1） Green transformation in the field of agriculture

      In ruminant animal farming, yeast culture increases cellulase activity by 28% and neutral detergent fiber digestibility by 15% by regulating rumen microbiota. Research has shown that adding yeast culture to cow feed increases milk fat percentage from 3.2% to 3.6% and reduces residual aflatoxin B1 by 72%. The mechanism of action is to activate the expression of fiber degrading enzyme genes in the rumen fungus Neocallimastix. In aquaculture, the mannan in yeast cell walls can adsorb Vibrio in water, increasing the survival rate of farmed shrimp from 68% to 89%. When the concentration of mannan reaches 200mg/L, the adsorption rate of Vibrio can reach 92%.

      Technological innovation in agricultural applications is driving product upgrades. By using metabolomics technology to analyze yeast cultures containing key components such as oxalic acid, the dry matter degradation rate increased by 18% and the rumen ammonia nitrogen content increased by 25% when added to beef cattle feed. This precise regulation strategy transforms yeast cultures from traditional "nutritional supplements" to "functional regulators".

（2） Precision Manufacturing of Biopharmaceuticals

      Yeast cultures exhibit unique advantages in drug synthesis. By optimizing the terpenoid synthesis pathway of yeast strains, the intracellular accumulation of coenzyme Q10 can reach 12mg/g dry weight, and its bioavailability is three times higher than that of chemical synthesis methods, reducing production costs by 40%. In the field of vaccine production, yeast expression system has been used for large-scale production of hepatitis B vaccine and HPV vaccine. Its secretory expression efficiency is five times higher than that of E. coli, and glycosylation modification is closer to human natural protein.

      The breakthrough of synthetic biology technology is expanding its application boundaries. The construction of an artificial transcription device library increased the homologous recombination efficiency of Pichia pastoris to 80%. In the methanol metabolism pathway modification, the fatty alcohol production of the engineered strain increased by 1.3 times compared to the control group. This dynamic regulation strategy avoids the inhibition of cell growth by constitutive expression and achieves a balance between gene editing efficiency and production performance.合成生物学技术的突破正在扩大其应用范围。人工转录装置文库的构建使毕赤酵母的同源重组效率提高到80%。在甲醇代谢途径修饰中，工程菌株的脂肪醇产量比对照组提高了1.3倍。这种动态调控策略避免了本构表达对细胞生长的抑制，实现了基因编辑效率和生产性能之间的平衡。合成生物学技术的突破正在扩大其应用范围。人工转录装置文库的构建使毕赤酵母的同源重组效率提高到80%。在甲醇代谢途径修饰中，工程菌株的脂肪醇产量比对照组提高了1.3倍。这种动态调控策略避免了本构表达对细胞生长的抑制，实现了基因编辑效率和生产性能之间的平衡。

（3） Biological solutions for environmental governance(3)环境治理的生物解决方案(3)环境治理的生物解决方案

      Yeast cultures have demonstrated excellent efficacy in the treatment of heavy metal wastewater. Through the mechanism of metabolic production of hydrogen sulfide, the treatment efficiency of engineering yeast for lead containing wastewater reaches 99.02%, and the purity of the generated PbS nanoparticles exceeds 99.5%. This biomineralization process has a reaction rate constant k of 0.082min ⁻¹ at pH 6.5 and temperature of 30 ℃, which is 5 times higher than the chemical precipitation method.酵母培养物在处理重金属废水中表现出优异的效果。通过硫化氢代谢产生机理，工程酵母对含铅废水的处理效率达到99.02%，生成的PbS纳米颗粒纯度超过99.5%。该生物矿化过程在pH 6.5、温度30℃下的反应速率常数k为0.082min⁻¹，比化学沉淀法的反应速率高5倍。酵母培养物在处理重金属废水中表现出优异的效果。通过硫化氢代谢产生机理，工程酵母对含铅废水的处理效率达到99.02%，生成的PbS纳米颗粒纯度超过99.5%。该生物矿化过程在pH 6.5、温度30℃下的反应速率常数k为0.082min⁻¹，比化学沉淀法的反应速率高5倍。

      In terms of organic pollutant degradation, Max Kluwei yeast can completely convert sucrose in apple juice within 3-5 days, increasing the content of antioxidant substances by 14-70 times. This technology has been industrialized and can process 20000 tons of fruit and vegetable waste annually.在降解有机污染物方面，克鲁威酵母可在3-5天内完全转化苹果汁中的蔗糖，使苹果汁中抗氧化物质的含量提高14-70倍。该技术已实现产业化，年处理果蔬废弃物2万吨。

      In the field of industrial waste gas treatment, yeast culture achieves carbon dioxide biotransformation through immobilized cell technology. The microalgae yeast co culture system can convert CO ₂ in flue gas into single-cell proteins, with a carbon fixation efficiency of 1.2g/L/h, which is 30 times higher than traditional plant photosynthesis and provides a new path for carbon neutrality in the steel and power industries.

（4） Disruptive innovation in energy and materials(4)能源和材料领域的颠覆性创新

      In the field of biofuels, yeast cultures achieve efficient conversion through metabolic engineering. Rose alcohol synthesis yeast can produce 200 kilograms of rose alcohol in a 10 ton fermentation tank, equivalent to the yield of a 225 acre rose garden, with a production cycle shortened to 3 days. This technology not only replicates the natural rose aroma, but also produces over 60 types of fragrances such as sandalwood and agarwood by regulating metabolic pathways. In the production of biodiesel, immobilized yeast achieved stable operation in 25 batches in a continuous reactor, with an ethanol yield of 5.2g/L/h, which is 45% higher than that of free cells.

      In the field of materials science, yeast cultures are driving breakthroughs in biobased materials. By modifying the fatty acid metabolism pathway, the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) can reach 25g/L. This material can replace traditional plastics in packaging and medical fields, with a biodegradation rate of 95%. This technology transforms yeast from a "fermenting agent" to a "material factory", providing new support for the circular economy.在材料科学领域，酵母培养物正在推动生物基材料的突破。通过改变脂肪酸代谢途径，聚羟基烷酸酯（PHA）的产量可达到25g/L。该材料在包装和医疗领域可替代传统塑料，生物降解率达95%。这项技术将酵母从“发酵剂”转变为“原料工厂”，为循环经济提供了新的支撑。在材料科学领域，酵母培养物正在推动生物基材料的突破。通过改变脂肪酸代谢途径，聚羟基烷酸酯（PHA）的产量可达到25g/L。该材料在包装和医疗领域可替代传统塑料，生物降解率达95%。这项技术将酵母从“发酵剂”转变为“原料工厂”，为循环经济提供了新的支撑。

3、 Technological Innovation and Industrial Trends3、技术创新与产业趋势3、技术创新与产业趋势

      The global yeast culture market is undergoing structural changes. Synthetic biology technology is driving the acceleration of the "design build test" loop, and the cost of yeast genome synthesis is expected to decrease to 0.1 US dollars per base pair by 2025. Intelligent manufacturing realizes full process digitization, and the automation control rate of fermentation tanks will exceed 95%. The annual production of 8500 tons of special yeast project in Angel Yeast Baiyang Biotechnology Park uses PID control algorithm to control the fluctuation of dissolved oxygen concentration within ± 2%, shortening the fermentation cycle to 16 hours and increasing production capacity by 30%.全球酵母培养市场正在发生结构性变化。合成生物学技术正在推动“设计构建测试”循环的加速，预计到2025年，酵母基因组合成的成本将降至每碱基对0.1美元。智能制造实现全过程数字化，发酵罐自动化控制率将超过95%。安琪酵母白杨生物科技园年产8500吨特种酵母项目采用PID控制算法，将溶解氧浓度波动控制在±2%以内，发酵周期缩短至16小时，产能提高30%。全球酵母培养市场正在发生结构性变化。合成生物学技术正在推动“设计构建测试”循环的加速，预计到2025年，酵母基因组合成的成本将降至每碱基对0.1美元。智能制造实现全过程数字化，发酵罐自动化控制率将超过95%。安琪酵母白杨生物科技园年产8500吨特种酵母项目采用PID控制算法，将溶解氧浓度波动控制在±2%以内，发酵周期缩短至16小时，产能提高30%。

      The sustainable development orientation is clear, and the utilization rate of biomass materials such as straw and bagasse will be increased to 70%. The use of hydrolyzed sugar substitution technology will reduce sugar consumption by 30% and carbon emission intensity by 25%. At the policy level, China has included yeast protein in the list of new food raw materials, and the European Union has listed yeast culture as a priority biobased material for development through the New Food Regulation. At the capital level, global financing in the field of synthetic biology reached $28 billion in 2024, with yeast related projects accounting for 12%.可持续发展方向明确，秸秆、甘蔗渣等生物质材料利用率将提高到70%。使用水解糖替代技术将减少30%的糖消耗和25%的碳排放强度。在政策层面，中国已将酵母蛋白列入食品新原料名录，欧盟也通过《食品新规》将酵母培养物列为优先发展的生物基材料。资本层面，2024年全球合成生物学领域融资达到280亿美元，酵母相关项目占比12%。可持续发展方向明确，秸秆、甘蔗渣等生物质材料利用率将提高到70%。使用水解糖替代技术将减少30%的糖消耗和25%的碳排放强度。在政策层面，中国已将酵母蛋白列入食品新原料名录，欧盟也通过《食品新规》将酵母培养物列为优先发展的生物基材料。资本层面，2024年全球合成生物学领域融资达到280亿美元，酵母相关项目占比12%。

      Driven by the "dual carbon" goal and the bioeconomy strategy, yeast cultures are transitioning from single fermentation agents to multifunctional biologics.在“双碳”目标和生物经济战略的推动下，酵母培养物正从单一发酵剂向多功能生物制剂过渡。在“双碳”目标和生物经济战略的推动下，酵母培养物正从单一发酵剂向多功能生物制剂过渡。