How to make wheat grow better, the benefits of adding Bacillus subtilis

      Bacillus subtilis is a Gram positive probiotic widely used in agriculture, food, medicine, and environmental governance. Its mechanism of action is diverse and complex, mainly including the following aspects:

1、 Ecological niche competition and colonization exclusion

Space occupation and adhesion competition

      Bacillus subtilis forms a biological barrier by adsorbing onto the surface of host intestinal epithelial cells or mucous membranes, competing with pathogenic bacteria (such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella) for adhesion sites and preventing harmful bacteria from colonizing.

Nutritional competition

      In the intestinal microenvironment, Bacillus subtilis rapidly consumes nutrients such as free oxygen, carbon sources, and nitrogen sources, forming a low oxygen or anaerobic environment, inhibiting the growth of aerobic pathogens such as Escherichia coli, while promoting the proliferation of beneficial anaerobic bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria.

Advantage of stress resistance

      The spore structure enables it to withstand attacks from stomach acid, bile salts, and digestive enzymes, ensuring that it germinates and functions smoothly from the oral cavity through the digestive tract to the intestine.

2、 Generate antibacterial substances

Bacteriocins

      Secreting specific antimicrobial peptides (such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacitracin, Fengyuansu, etc.) directly destroys the integrity of pathogenic bacterial cell membranes, leading to leakage of their contents or metabolic disorders, resulting in death.

Organic acids and hydrogen peroxide

      Metabolism produces organic acids such as lactic acid and acetic acid, lowers intestinal pH, and inhibits the growth of acid intolerant pathogens; Simultaneously generating hydrogen peroxide, which damages the DNA, proteins, and lipids of pathogenic bacteria through oxidation.

Other metabolites

      Synthesize short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), antibiotic like substances (such as polyene compounds), etc. to further inhibit pathogens or regulate intestinal microbiota.

3、 Immune regulation and intestinal barrier protection

Activate host immune response

      Bacterial components such as peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid are used as immune adjuvants to stimulate gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), promote the activity of macrophages and dendritic cells, induce the production of cytokines such as interferon (IFN) and interleukin (IL-6, IL-10), and enhance humoral and cellular immunity.

Enhance intestinal mucosal barrier

      Promote the expression of tight junction proteins (such as ZO-1 and occludin) in intestinal epithelial cells, reduce intestinal mucosal permeability, prevent endotoxins and pathogenic bacteria from migrating into the bloodstream, and lower inflammatory responses.

anti-inflammatory effect

      By inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways such as NF - κ B, reducing the release of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF - α and IL-1 β, intestinal inflammation can be alleviated.

4、 Promote nutrient digestion and absorption

Secreted digestive enzymes

      Synthesize and secrete amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase, etc., to help the host break down large molecular substances (such as starch, protein, dietary fiber) in feed, improve the utilization rate of nutrients, especially in livestock and poultry breeding, which can improve feed conversion rate.

Synthetic nutrients

      During the metabolic process, vitamins (such as B vitamins and vitamin K), amino acids, and growth promoting factors (such as folate and niacin) are produced, which directly provide nutrition or promote the growth and development of the host.

Regulating the metabolism of gut microbiota

      By optimizing the structure of the gut microbiota and promoting the fermentation of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides by beneficial bacteria, short chain fatty acids (such as butyric acid) are generated to provide energy for intestinal epithelial cells and enhance intestinal function.

5、 Environmental governance and stress resistance

In the fields of agriculture and environmental protection, Bacillus subtilis can also exert its effects through the following mechanisms:

      Degradation of pollutants: Decompose organic matter (such as pesticide residues, livestock manure), ammonia nitrogen, and nitrite in water or soil to improve the breeding or planting environment.

      Stress resistance synergy: Inducing systemic resistance (ISR) in plants during rhizosphere colonization, enhancing their tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity, while inhibiting infection by plant pathogens such as fungi and bacteria.

summarize

      Bacillus subtilis achieves regulation of host microbiota balance, enhancement of immune function, and optimization of nutrient utilization through multiple pathways of synergistic action. Its mechanisms are diverse, synergistic, and environmentally dependent.