Distinguishing advantages and disadvantages of Bacillus subtilis

Distinguishing advantages and disadvantages of Bacillus subtilis

Lev Tolstoy once said: happy people are similar, and unfortunate people have their own misfortunes. So we won't discuss much about the high-quality Bacillus subtilis. Let's take a look at the routine of these fake and shoddy bacillus.列夫·托尔斯泰曾经说过:幸福的人都是相似的，而不幸的人各有各的不幸。所以我们不会过多讨论优质枯草芽孢杆菌。让我们来看看这些假冒伪劣的芽孢杆菌的日常生活。

① The price is cheap. Generally, some hormones or fertilizers are used to pretend, that is, they are sold completely as fertilizers.价格便宜。一般是用一些激素或肥料来冒充，即完全作为肥料出售。

② The effect is very fast, and it will take effect on the same day.见效很快，当天就见效。

(3) it is easy to cause premature aging of crops after use, because the quality and yield of hormone decrease instead.(3)使用后容易造成作物早衰，因为激素的质量和产量反而下降。

In a word, the Real Bacillus subtilis is a kind of biological preparation, which has a good growth regulation effect on crops and soil. It is basically multifunctional and cannot only work on one point, the most important thing is that its use effect is cumulative and cannot be achieved by pure fertilizer or hormone.总之，真枯草芽孢杆菌是一种生物制剂，对作物和土壤都有良好的生长调节作用。它基本上是多功能的，不能只在一点上起作用，最重要的是它的使用效果是累积的，不是单纯的肥料或激素所能达到的。

Bacillus subtilis has the following effects on improving soil and crop quality.

1. Antibiotic effect 1. 抗生素的效果

Anti-biotic effect refers to the inhibitory effect on the growth and metabolism of pathogenic microorganisms by producing metabolites at low concentrations, thus affecting the survival and activities of pathogenic microorganisms. For nearly half a century, many effective antibacterial substances have been isolated and purified from metabolites of different strains of Bacillus subtilis.抗菌作用是指通过产生低浓度的代谢物，对病原微生物的生长和代谢产生抑制作用，从而影响病原微生物的生存和活动。近半个世纪以来，人们从枯草芽孢杆菌不同菌株的代谢物中分离纯化了许多有效的抗菌物质。

2. Lysozyme effect 2. 溶菌酶的影响

The lysozyme effect of Bacillus subtilis is mainly manifested in that it is adsorbed on the mycelium of pathogenic bacteria, and grows along with the growth of mycelium, and then produces lysozyme substance, causing protoplast leakage and causing mycelium fracture; or produce antibacterial substances by dissolving the cell wall or cell membrane of pathogenic bacteria spores, resulting in cell wall perforation, deformity and other phenomena, thus inhibiting spore germination.枯草芽孢杆菌的溶菌酶作用主要表现在它吸附在致病菌的菌丝上，并随着菌丝的生长而生长，进而产生溶菌酶物质，引起原生质体渗漏，引起菌丝断裂;或通过溶解致病菌孢子的细胞壁或细胞膜产生抗菌物质，造成细胞壁穿孔、变形等现象，从而抑制孢子萌发。

3. Induce plants to produce resistance and promote plant growth3. 诱导植株产生抗性，促进植株生长

Inducing plant resistance refers to the effect that Bacillus subtilis can not only inhibit plant pathogenic bacteria, but also induce plant's own disease resistance mechanism to enhance plant's disease resistance. What is PGPR? In the world, rhizosphere self-growing bacteria that can promote plant growth in soil are commonly referred to as bacteria in plant rooting circle. Bacillus subtilis has the strongest stress resistance, the most functions, the widest adaptability and the most stable effect. Bacillus subtilis can produce substances similar to cytokinin and plant HGH, promote the growth of plants and make plants resist the invasion of pathogenic bacteria.诱导植物抗病是指枯草芽孢杆菌在抑制植物病原菌的同时，还能诱导植物自身的抗病机制，增强植物的抗病能力。什么是PGPR?在国际上，土壤中能够促进植物生长的根际自生细菌通常被称为植物生根圈细菌。枯草芽孢杆菌抗逆性最强，功能最多，适应性最广，效果最稳定。枯草芽孢杆菌能产生类似细胞分裂素和植物生长激素的物质，促进植物生长，使植物抵抗病原菌的侵袭。

4. Protect the environment.4. 保护环境。

Bacillus subtilis  is widely used in biological fertilizers. When used for crops or soil, it can colonize in the rhizosphere or body of crops and play a specific fertilizer effect. At present, microbial fertilizers are cultivating soil fertility, improving the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, inhibiting the absorption of nitrate nitrogen, heavy metals and pesticides by crops, purifying and repairing soil, and reducing the occurrence of crop diseases, promote the decomposition and utilization of crop straws and municipal waste. Improving the quality of crop products and food safety has played an irreplaceable role.

5. Effect of Bacillus subtilis on respiratory intensity of soil microorganisms5. 枯草芽孢杆菌对土壤微生物呼吸强度的影响

As one of the indicators of soil biological activity, soil respiratory intensity can reflect the transformation and supply capacity of soil nutrients to a certain extent, the change and direction of its respiratory rate also reflect the sensitivity and response mode of the ecosystem to stress, which is an important indicator of environmental safety evaluation. When the soil is polluted by external pollutants, microorganisms may need more energy to maintain survival, which makes the metabolic activity of soil microorganisms respond to varying degrees. Studies have shown that Bacillus subtilis treated with various mass fraction shows the stimulating effect on soil respiration, and the greater the mass fraction of Bacillus subtilis in soil, the greater the stimulating effect on soil respiration intensity, that is, there is a positive correlation between the stimulation intensity and the mass fraction of the application.土壤呼吸强度作为土壤生物活性的指标之一，可以在一定程度上反映土壤养分的转化和供给能力，其呼吸速率的变化和方向也反映了生态系统对胁迫的敏感性和响应方式，是环境安全评价的重要指标。当土壤受到外界污染物的污染时，微生物可能需要更多的能量来维持生存，这使得土壤微生物的代谢活动有不同程度的响应。研究表明，不同质量分数处理的枯草芽孢杆菌均表现出对土壤呼吸的刺激作用，土壤中枯草芽孢杆菌的质量分数越大，对土壤呼吸强度的刺激作用越大，即刺激强度与施用质量分数呈正相关。

6. Effect of Bacillus subtilis on soil urease activity6. 枯草芽孢杆菌对土壤脲酶活性的影响

Using soil enzymes as monitoring indicators to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of pesticides has become one of the research hotspots in the field of environmental science. Urease belongs to a kind of hydrolytic enzyme that has been deeply studied in soil, and is the only enzyme that has a significant impact on the conversion of urea in soil and the utilization rate of urea. After urea is applied to human soil, it is rapidly decomposed into carbon dioxide and ammonia under the catalytic action of urease, so the decrease of soil urease activity can not only slow down the hydrolysis of urea, so that the hydrolysate can be adsorbed more by the soil, thus effectively reducing the volatilization loss of ammonia, the hydrolysate of urea, and possibly reducing the nitration potential of NH. Studies have shown that all the soil treated with Bacillus subtilis has a stimulating effect on soil urease. Among them, the urease activity of the treatment with the highest mass fraction (3200 mg/kg dry soil) increased to the highest on the 28th day, and the stimulation rate reached 101.07%. The mechanism of urease stimulation by Bacillus subtilis may be that the addition of microbial pesticides provides carbon source and nutrition for the growth of microorganisms, thus increasing the number and activity of microorganisms that produce this enzyme, therefore, the activity of urease in soil is correspondingly enhanced.利用土壤酶作为监测指标评价农药的生态毒理学效应已成为环境科学领域的研究热点之一。脲酶属于土壤中研究比较深入的一种水解酶，是唯一对土壤中尿素转化和尿素利用率有显著影响的酶。尿素施于人体土壤后，在脲酶的催化作用下迅速分解为二氧化碳和氨，因此土壤脲酶活性的降低不仅可以减缓尿素的水解，使水解产物更多地被土壤吸附，从而有效减少氨、尿素水解产物的挥发损失，并有可能降低NH的硝化势。研究表明，所有枯草芽孢杆菌处理过的土壤都对土壤脲酶有刺激作用。其中，质量分数最高(3200 mg/kg干土)处理的脲酶活性在第28天达到最高，刺激率达到101.07%。枯草芽孢杆菌刺激脲酶的机制可能是添加微生物农药为微生物的生长提供了碳源和营养，从而增加了产生该酶的微生物的数量和活性，从而相应地提高了土壤中脲酶的活性。利用土壤酶作为监测指标评价农药的生态毒理学效应已成为环境科学领域的研究热点之一。脲酶属于土壤中研究比较深入的一种水解酶，是唯一对土壤中尿素转化和尿素利用率有显著影响的酶。尿素施于人体土壤后，在脲酶的催化作用下迅速分解为二氧化碳和氨，因此土壤脲酶活性的降低不仅可以减缓尿素的水解，使水解产物更多地被土壤吸附，从而有效减少氨、尿素水解产物的挥发损失，并有可能降低NH的硝化势。研究表明，所有枯草芽孢杆菌处理过的土壤都对土壤脲酶有刺激作用。其中，质量分数最高(3200 mg/kg干土)处理的脲酶活性在第28天达到最高，刺激率达到101.07%。枯草芽孢杆菌刺激脲酶的机制可能是添加微生物农药为微生物的生长提供了碳源和营养，从而增加了产生该酶的微生物的数量和活性，从而相应地提高了土壤中脲酶的活性。总之，真枯草芽孢杆菌是一种生物制剂，对作物和土壤都有良好的生长调节作用。它基本上是多功能的，不能只在一点上起作用，最重要的是它的使用效果是累积的，不是单纯的肥料或激素所能达到的。枯草芽孢杆菌的溶菌酶作用主要表现在它吸附在致病菌的菌丝上，并随着菌丝的生长而生长，进而产生溶菌酶物质，引起原生质体渗漏，引起菌丝断裂;或通过溶解致病菌孢子的细胞壁或细胞膜产生抗菌物质，造成细胞壁穿孔、变形等现象，从而抑制孢子萌发。诱导植物抗病是指枯草芽孢杆菌在抑制植物病原菌的同时，还能诱导植物自身的抗病机制，增强植物的抗病能力。什么是PGPR?在国际上，土壤中能够促进植物生长的根际自生细菌通常被称为植物生根圈细菌。枯草芽孢杆菌抗逆性最强，功能最多，适应性最广，效果最稳定。枯草芽孢杆菌能产生类似细胞分裂素和植物生长激素的物质，促进植物生长，使植物抵抗病原菌的侵袭。5. 枯草芽孢杆菌对土壤微生物呼吸强度的影响6. 枯草芽孢杆菌对土壤脲酶活性的影响

利用土壤酶作为监测指标评价农药的生态毒理学效应已成为环境科学领域的研究热点之一。脲酶属于土壤中研究比较深入的一种水解酶，是唯一对土壤中尿素转化和尿素利用率有显著影响的酶。尿素施于人体土壤后，在脲酶的催化作用下迅速分解为二氧化碳和氨，因此土壤脲酶活性的降低不仅可以减缓尿素的水解，使水解产物更多地被土壤吸附，从而有效减少氨、尿素水解产物的挥发损失，并有可能降低NH的硝化势。研究表明，所有枯草芽孢杆菌处理过的土壤都对土壤脲酶有刺激作用。其中，质量分数最高(3200 mg/kg干土)处理的脲酶活性在第28天达到最高，刺激率达到101.07%。枯草芽孢杆菌刺激脲酶的机制可能是添加微生物农药为微生物的生长提供了碳源和营养，从而增加了产生该酶的微生物的数量和活性，从而相应地提高了土壤中脲酶的活性。